Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  • Differentiate between an input device and an output device.
  • Identify common types of input devices.
  • Identify common types of output devices.

Interacting with Computers: Input and Output Devices

Input and output (I/O) devices are the peripherals that allow us to interact with a computer. Input devices are used to send data to the computer, and output devices are used to get feedback from the computer.

Input Devices

Input devices translate our real-world actions into digital data that the computer can understand.

  • Keyboard: The most common input device, used for typing text and commands.
  • Mouse: A pointing device used to control the cursor on the screen and interact with graphical user interfaces (GUIs).
  • Microphone: Captures audio and converts it into digital data.
  • Scanner: Converts physical documents or images into digital files.
  • Webcam: Captures video and still images.

Output Devices

Output devices translate the computer’s digital data back into a form that humans can understand.

  • Monitor (Display Screen): The primary output device for a computer, which displays text and graphics.
  • Printer: Produces a physical hard copy of digital documents.
  • Speakers/Headphones: Produce audio output.
  • Projector: Displays the computer’s screen output onto a larger surface.

Summary

Input and output devices are the essential bridge between humans and computers. Input devices like the keyboard and mouse allow us to give commands and enter data, while output devices like the monitor and printer allow the computer to present us with the results of its processing. Together, they form the basis of the user interface.

Key Takeaways

  • Input devices send data to the computer.
  • Output devices receive data from the computer.
  • The keyboard and mouse are the most common input devices.
  • The monitor is the most common output device.

Discussion Questions

  1. Is a touchscreen on a smartphone an input device, an output device, or both? Explain your answer.
  2. What are some specialized input or output devices you might find in a specific profession (e.g., a graphic designer, a doctor)?
  3. How have output devices changed over the last 20 years?