Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  • Differentiate between system software and application software.
  • Describe the main functions of an operating system.
  • Provide examples of both system software and application software.

The Two Main Types of Software

Computer software can be broadly divided into two main categories: System Software and Application Software.

System Software

System software is a type of software designed to manage the computer’s hardware and provide a platform for running application software. It works in the background and coordinates the functions of the different hardware components.

The two main types of system software are:

  1. Operating System (OS): The most important piece of system software. The OS manages all of the computer’s hardware and software resources. It is responsible for tasks like memory management, file management, and providing a user interface.
    • Examples: Microsoft Windows, Apple macOS, Linux, Android, and iOS.
  2. Utility Programs: These programs help manage, maintain, and control computer resources. They perform a specific task, usually related to managing the system.
    • Examples: Antivirus software, backup software, file compression tools, and disk cleanup utilities.

Application Software

Application software (often just called an “application” or “app”) is a program designed to help the user perform specific tasks. This is the software that we directly interact with to get our work done.

Application software can be categorized in many ways, including:

  • Productivity Software: Helps users produce things like documents, spreadsheets, and presentations.
    • Examples: Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint), Google Workspace.
  • Web Browsers: Used to access and view websites on the internet.
    • Examples: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge.
  • Communication Software: Used for communicating with others.
    • Examples: Email clients (Outlook), video conferencing apps (Zoom, Teams).
  • Entertainment Software: Used for playing games, music, and videos.
    • Examples: Video games, media players (VLC), streaming apps (Netflix, Spotify).

Summary

Software is divided into two main categories. System software, which includes the operating system and utility programs, works in the background to manage the computer’s hardware. Application software, such as word processors and web browsers, are the programs that users interact with directly to perform specific tasks. The application software relies on the system software to be able to function.

Key Takeaways

  • Software is either System Software or Application Software.
  • System Software manages the computer; Application Software performs user tasks.
  • The Operating System (OS) is the most important type of system software.
  • Word processors, web browsers, and games are all examples of application software.

Discussion Questions

  1. Is a device driver (a program that controls a piece of hardware like a printer) system software or application software? Why?
  2. Can a computer run without an operating system?
  3. What are three application software programs that you use every day?