Unit 6: Internet and Internet Services

Short Answer Questions (2-3 marks each)

  1. What is the difference between the Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW)?

  2. Explain the Domain Name System (DNS) and why it is termed the phonebook of the Internet.

  3. Differentiate between IPv4 and IPv6 addressing schemes.

  4. Define Client-Server Architecture. How does a web browser interact with a web server?

  5. Compare Static and Dynamic web pages with examples.

  6. What is the difference between an Intranet and an Extranet?

  7. List four services provided by E-Governance in Nepal (e.g., Nagarik App, IRD e-filing).

Long Answer Questions (5-8 marks each)

  1. Describe key Internet application protocols: HTTP/HTTPS, SMTP/IMAP (Email), and FTP. Explain why HTTPS is mandatory for modern e-commerce. (8 marks)

  2. Discuss the major E-Commerce business models: B2B, B2C, C2C, and G2C. How has digital payment infrastructure (ConnectIPS, Fonepay, mobile wallets) transformed retail in Nepal? (6 marks)

  3. Explain the architecture of a Smart City. How do IoT sensors, data analytics, and cloud networks improve urban transportation, energy grids, and municipal waste management? (6 marks)

Unit 7: Multimedia and the Web

Short Answer Questions (2-3 marks each)

  1. Define a Multimedia System. List its five primary building elements.

  2. Differentiate between Raster (Bitmap) and Vector graphics with examples.

  3. Compare common image file formats: JPEG, PNG, GIF, and WebP in terms of compression and transparency.

  4. What is the difference between progressive downloading and real-time streaming media?

  5. List three business applications of multimedia in corporate marketing and employee training.

Long Answer Questions (5-8 marks each)

  1. Describe the core elements of multimedia (Text, Graphics, Audio, Video, Animation). Discuss how interactive multimedia enhances user engagement on commercial websites. (8 marks)

  2. Discuss the future trends of web-based multimedia, including Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and 3D web interfaces. How can retail and real estate businesses capitalize on these technologies? (6 marks)

Unit 8: Database and Database Management System

Short Answer Questions (2-3 marks each)

  1. Define a Database. How does the database approach differ from traditional file-based processing?

  2. What is a Database Management System (DBMS)? List three fundamental benefits of deploying a DBMS.

  3. Explain the concepts of Data Redundancy and Data Inconsistency.

  4. Define Primary Key and Foreign Key in a Relational Database. Why are they essential?

  5. What is a Cloud Database? Mention two advantages over an on-premises database server.

Long Answer Questions (5-8 marks each)

  1. Compare the traditional File Processing System with the modern Database Management approach across data sharing, redundancy, integrity, concurrent access, and security. (8 marks)

  2. Explain the Relational Database Model. Define relations (tables), attributes (columns), tuples (rows), and entity integrity constraints with a simple business schema (e.g., Customer, Orders). (6 marks)

  3. Describe Database System Architectures: Centralized, Client-Server (2-tier and 3-tier), and Distributed architectures. When should an enterprise select a 3-tier database architecture? (6 marks)

Unit 9: Computer Security and Privacy

Short Answer Questions (2-3 marks each)

  1. Define Computer Security. Explain the CIA Triad (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability).

  2. Differentiate between a Computer Virus, a Worm, and a Trojan Horse.

  3. What is a Firewall? Differentiate between packet-filtering hardware firewalls and software firewalls.

  4. Explain the difference between Symmetric and Asymmetric Encryption.

  5. What is Software Piracy? Why is using unauthorized software both a legal offense and a cybersecurity risk?

  6. What is Nepal’s Electronic Transactions Act, 2063 (ETA)? State two major provisions it enables.

Long Answer Questions (5-8 marks each)

  1. Discuss major corporate cyber threats: Phishing, Ransomware, Denial of Service (DoS/DDoS), and Unauthorized Access. Outline comprehensive defense strategies for each. (8 marks)

  2. Explain the legal and ethical framework governing IT in Nepal: Electronic Transactions Act 2063, Copyright Act 2059, and NRB IT Guidelines for digital financial services. (6 marks)

  3. Analyze privacy challenges in the era of big tech surveillance, data harvesting, and behavioral targeting. What obligations do business managers have regarding consumer data privacy? (6 marks)

Unit 10: Introduction to Contemporary Technologies

Short Answer Questions (2-3 marks each)

  1. Define Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). How do they differ from traditional procedural programs?

  2. What is Cloud Computing? Differentiate between IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS with examples.

  3. List the 5Vs of Big Data.

  4. Define Blockchain technology. What is meant by distributed and immutable ledgers?

  5. What is the Internet of Things (IoT)? Give two examples of IoT in industrial or consumer settings.

  6. Compare Web 2.0 (Read-Write social web) with Web 3.0 (Read-Write-Own decentralized web).

  7. What is Business Intelligence (BI)? Name two popular BI visualization tools.

Long Answer Questions (5-8 marks each)

  1. Explain the strategic shift from on-premises computing to Cloud Computing. Compare Public, Private, and Hybrid cloud deployment models from a managerial and risk perspective. (8 marks)

  2. Discuss how Data Warehousing, Data Mining, and Business Intelligence work together to support strategic decision-making in large organizations (e.g., commercial banks or retail chains). (6 marks)

  3. Analyze the impact of the Digital Economy and Digital Marketing on modern commerce. How have social platforms, algorithmic ads, and platform business models reshaped customer acquisition? (6 marks)

Case Study Questions

Case Study 1: Database & E-Commerce Migration (10 marks)

A traditional wholesale distributor in Birgunj currently manages orders, product inventory, and customer credit on individual Excel workbooks. They want to launch an online B2B ordering portal for their 300 retail shopkeeper clients across Nepal.

a) Explain why the current spreadsheet method will fail under online concurrent user access, citing data integrity and redundancy issues. (3 marks)
b) Recommend an appropriate database model and explain how Primary and Foreign Keys will link the Customer, Order, and Product tables. (4 marks)
c) What type of cloud hosting service (IaaS, PaaS, or SaaS) and payment settlement integration would you recommend for their new ordering portal? (3 marks)

Case Study 2: Corporate Cybersecurity Incident & Legal Response (10 marks)

An accounting firm in Lalitpur suffered a security breach: an employee clicked a phishing email attachment, allowing malware to exfiltrate confidential client tax records and encrypt internal billing servers with ransomware demanding cryptocurrency payment.

a) Identify the primary security vulnerabilities exploited in this incident (technical and human). (3 marks)
b) What immediate response and disaster recovery procedures (incident response, offline backups) should the management execute? (4 marks)
c) Under Nepal’s Electronic Transactions Act, 2063, what legal remedies or reporting channels exist regarding unauthorized access and computer crimes? (3 marks)

Answer Guidelines & Revision Notes

Units 6–7 Key Revision Points

  • Internet Protocol Stack: DNS translates human domain names to IP addresses; TCP ensures reliable byte delivery; IP handles routing; HTTP/HTTPS handles application document transfer.
  • E-Commerce vs E-Governance: E-commerce monetizes digital transactions; E-governance provides transparent, non-discriminatory public service delivery (e.g., Nagarik App).
  • Multimedia Formats: Raster (pixels, resolution-dependent: JPEG, PNG) vs Vector (mathematical paths, infinitely scalable: SVG); WebP provides superior compression for web performance.

Unit 8 Key Revision Points

  • File System vs DBMS: File systems cause data isolation, uncontrolled redundancy, integrity anomalies, and lack concurrency control; DBMS enforces schemas, ACID properties, and granular user permissions.
  • Relational Model: Data structured in tables (relations); Primary Key enforces uniqueness; Foreign Key maintains referential integrity between tables.

Units 9–10 Key Revision Points

  • Security & Nepal Law: Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability (CIA Triad); Firewalls inspect network traffic; Encryption scrambles plaintext into ciphertext; Nepal’s ETA 2063 gives legal validity to electronic contracts and penalizes hacking and data destruction.
  • Contemporary Tech Landscape: Cloud shifts CapEx to OpEx; Big Data handles Volume, Velocity, Variety; Blockchain enables trustless, immutable ledgers; BI turns data warehouses into executive KPI dashboards.