Learning Objectives 🎯

• ✅ Describe the phases from planning to post-go-live support.
• ✅ Explain fit-gap analysis and minimum customization.
• ✅ Compare big bang, phased, parallel and pilot go-live.
• ✅ Compare on-premise vs cloud (SaaS) ERP.
• ✅ Apply Nepal VAT, e-billing, CBMS and fiscal-year rules.

Why Implementation Is the Hard Part

• Software imposes its own logic — Davenport (1998).
• Decide: change process vs configure vs customize.
• Markus and Tanis cycle: Chartering → Project → Shakedown → Onward/upward.

9 Phases at a Glance

1. Planning / chartering — goals, scope, sponsor, budget.
2. Requirements — as-is → to-be processes.
3. Fit-gap — fit or gap + close decision.
4. Design + configuration — CoA, tax, roles, extensions.
5. Data migration — clean, map, load masters + balances.
6. Testing — unit, integration, UAT, parallel payroll.
7. Training — role-based, super-users.
8. Cutover + go-live — freeze, reconcile, go/no-go.
9. Post-go-live — hypercare, then improvements.

Fit-Gap: Close Cheapest First

• 1. Change process to standard.
• 2. Configure (settings, workflows).
• 3. Work around (report / small add-on).
• 4. Customize code — last resort (upgrade cost).

Example: keep standard price lists, drop Excel discount sheet.

Go-Live Approaches

• Big bang: all at once — fast, risky.
• Phased: by module/site — lessons carry forward.
• Parallel: old + new run together — safe, double work.
• Pilot: one branch first — real-world test.

Combine: pilot → phased rollout + parallel payroll one cycle.

On-Premise vs Cloud (SaaS)

• Cost: upfront CapEx vs per-user OpEx subscription.
• Infra: own servers vs provider + reliable internet.
• Customization: deep but hard upgrades vs config-only.
• Nepal tip: backup link + offline billing fallback outside main cities.

Core Modules Hand Data to Each Other

• Finance ← all modules post here.
• Procure-to-Pay: requisition → PO → goods receipt → 3-way match → payment.
• Hire-to-Retire: hire → attendance → payroll → GL posting.
• 3-way match flags qty/price mismatch automatically.

Critical Success Factors

• Top management + project champion.
• Clear vision, minimum customization.
• Clean masters, tested end-to-end processes.
• Change management: super-users, Nepali guides, retire spreadsheets.
• TCO: licences + services + data + training + internal time + dip + contingency.

Nepal Rules Your ERP Must Handle

• VAT 13%, PAN on invoices, VAT registers.
• IRD-enlisted e-billing only; check ird.gov.np list.
• CBMS connection if turnover > NPR 20 crore (check latest notice).
• Fiscal year Shrawan 1 – Ashadh end; BS dates. Go-live on Shrawan 1.

Mini Case: Gandaki Agro Traders

• 3 sites, stock vs books mismatch, 2-week close.
• Recommend: pilot Pokhara → phased branches + parallel payroll.
• Fit-gap: BS dates, VAT/PAN, CBMS, branch transfers, price lists.
• Cloud + backup link; go-live Shrawan 1 with counted opening stock.