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Unit 3.2

Formulas and Functions I

PRC 110: Software Skills Practicum

🎯 Learning Objectives

  • ✅ Write basic **Formulas** (starting with `=`).
  • ✅ Use **AutoSum** and Math Functions.
  • ✅ Apply **Statistical Functions** (AVERAGE, MAX, MIN).
  • ✅ Work with **Text & Date Functions**.

🧮 Anatomy of a Formula

All formulas must start with an equals sign ` = `.

Mathematical Operators

  • `+` (Add), `-` (Subtract)
  • `*` (Multiply), `/` (Divide)
  • `^` (Exponents)

Example: `= (A1 + B1) * 0.1`

📈 Essential Functions

Math & Stats

  • `=SUM(A1:A10)`: Total.
  • `=AVERAGE(A1:A10)`: Mean.
  • `=MAX(A1:A10)`: Highest value.
  • `=MIN(A1:A10)`: Lowest value.
  • `=COUNT(A1:A10)`: Count numbers.

AutoSum (Alt + =)

Quickly inserts the SUM function for selected range.

📝 Text & Date Functions

  • `=UPPER(text)` / `=LOWER(text)`: Change case.
  • `=PROPER(text)`: Capitalize First Letter.
  • `=CONCAT(A1, " ", B1)`: Join text (e.g., First + Last Name).
  • `=TODAY()`: Inserts current date.
  • `=NOW()`: Inserts date and time.

🧪 Practicum 3.2

Grade Calculation

Using your `Student Data Sheet` from the previous session (or download student_grades.csv):

  1. Calculate **Total Marks** using `=SUM()`.
  2. Calculate **Average Score** using `=AVERAGE()`.
  3. Find the **Highest** and **Lowest** scores in the class.
  4. Create a **"Full Name"** column combining First and Last name using `CONCAT` or `&`.