Deck 03: IT in Business

Today's Learning Objectives

• ✅ Identify key IT applications across core business functions like Finance, HR, and Operations.
• ✅ Explain how IT enhances efficiency, communication, and decision-making throughout an organization.
• ✅ Analyze real-world examples of how Nepali businesses leverage IT for strategic advantage.

IT: The Central Nervous System of Business

Think of IT not as a separate department, but as the integrated system that connects and empowers every part of a company.

IT in Finance & Accounting 💰

Moving beyond simple spreadsheets to powerful, integrated financial systems.

• Accounting Systems: (e.g., Tally, QuickBooks) for automating bookkeeping, generating financial statements, and managing ledgers.
• Financial Planning & Analysis (FP&A): Software for budgeting, forecasting financial performance, and scenario modeling.
• Payment Processing Systems: Point-of-Sale (POS) terminals, online payment gateways (eSewa, Khalti), and QR code networks (Fonepay).
• Auditing & Compliance: Tools that track transactions and help ensure adherence to financial regulations.

IT in Human Resources (HR) 🤝

Managing the most valuable asset: people.

• Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS): A central database for all employee information—from contact details to performance reviews.
• Recruitment & Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS): Online portals (Merojob, LinkedIn) and software to manage job applications efficiently.
• Payroll Management Systems: Automating salary calculation, tax deductions, and disbursement.
• E-Learning & Performance Management: Platforms for employee training, skill development, and tracking performance goals.

IT in Operations & Supply Chain ⚙️

Optimizing the process of creating and delivering products or services.

• Inventory Management Systems: Real-time tracking of stock levels, automating reorder points, and reducing waste.
• Supply Chain Management (SCM) Software: Coordinating the flow of goods from suppliers to customers, enhancing visibility and logistics.
• Project Management Tools: (e.g., Jira, Trello, Asana) for planning tasks, allocating resources, and monitoring project progress.
• Quality Control Systems: Using sensors and software to monitor production and ensure product standards are met.

IT in Marketing & Sales 🎯

Understanding and connecting with customers.

• Customer Relationship Management (CRM): A database to manage all customer interactions, track sales leads, and improve service. (e.g., Salesforce, HubSpot).
• Sales Force Automation (SFA): Tools that automate sales tasks like contact management, scheduling, and order processing.
• Market Research & Data Analytics: Using IT to analyze customer data, identify trends, and understand purchasing behavior.
• E-commerce Platforms: The entire infrastructure for online sales, from website to payment and order fulfillment.

Tying It All Together: ERP Systems

From Data to Decisions 📊

IT enables Business Intelligence (BI) by transforming raw data into strategic insights.

Raw Data
(Sales figures, inventory levels, customer feedback)

⬇️

Processing & Analysis
(BI Tools, Dashboards, Reports)

⬇️

Mini-Case: A Nepali Retail Chain

IT in Action: The Nepali Context 🇳🇵

Key Takeaways

• 💼 IT is a strategic enabler for every business function, not just a technical support role.
• 🔗 Integrated systems like ERP and CRM provide a unified view of the business, breaking down departmental silos.
• 📈 The main goal of business IT is to improve efficiency, enable better decision-making, and create sustainable value.
• 🇳🇵 From startups to large corporations, Nepali businesses are actively using IT to innovate and compete.